Virgin Atlantic Airlines

Executive Summary The aim of this write up is to provide a brief overview of Virgin Atlantic Airlines, its purpose, mission and vision statement. The key stakeholders of the VAA and the duty of care VAA owes to these stakeholders are analysed. Being a global service provider, Virgin Atlantic & British Airways are affected by various political, socio-economic and technology factors and these are reviewed. The macro economic factors, such as fiscal & monetary policies and how it affects these airlines are studied. Furthermore, the impact of EU on the airlines industry and BA & VAA in particular are detailed. 1A Introduction: In the United Kingdom, the Virgin group is a very popular and preferred brand. Virgin Atlantic is a subsidiary of the Virgin group and is one of the major airlines in the UK led by Sir Richard Branson where the Virgin group owns 51% of the shares and the remaining 49% owned by Delta Airlines, USA. The mission statement of Virgin Atlantic is â€Å"to embrace the human spirit and let it fly†. Virgin Atlantic operates short and long haul flights across 35 different destinations covering the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Far East and Australia. Purpose of VAA (Virgin Atlantic Airlines) In 1984,Sir Richard announced his decision to operate Virgin Atlantic Airlines that would provide world class quality and great value for money. By the end of the 80’s there were more than one million loyal passengers travelling with VAA, one of the first airlines to provide individual TV screens for the passengers. In the 90s, the business developed further given the competitive pricing, the unique service offerings and the introduction of the Premium economy was a great hit with the customers. In 1999, 49% of Virgin Atlantic’s shares were sold to Singapore Airlines. VAA vs Fire Services Virgin group is one of the well-known business establishments and the purpose of VAA is to expand the service line offering of the business in order to earn profits. Unlike the fire services, which is used to cater to the emergency needs of the people of the country and safeguarding them, the primary purpose of VAA is to be able to cater to the travel demands of the public and to be able to run it as a marketable business. Keeping this in mind, the main objectives of VAA is to earn profits and be able to service the customers in an effective way to ensure customer loyalty is maintained. As opposed to the fire services, the VAA faces stiff competition from various other airlines. The key accountability for VAA would be towards its customers and key stakeholders including the board of directors and the shareholders whilst the key accountability for the fire services would be to that of the general public by ensuring that there is transparency and all funds allocated by the government are used in an appropriate manner. The services offered by Virgin Atlantic caters to the luxury and travel needs of the people and the services offered by fire services are basically around protecting the people, responding to emergencies and also improving the safety within local communities. Virgin Atlantic Stakeholders, Strategies and Responsibilities Virgin Atlantic has various key stakeholders and owes a duty of care towards all the key stakeholders. To be able to manage all the stakeholders and to ensure that they are happy, Virgin Atlantic has various policies.The key stakeholders of Virgin Atlantic include:Shareholders; Customers; Employees; Vendors; Government Agencies; NGOs; Community at large. To ensure that the shareholders are satisfied, VAA achieves its primary objective of earning profits and ensuring that all the shareholders receive a good Return on their investments. Customers are given world class treatment and Virgin Atlantic is very well-known for their quality customer services. Customers always come first with Virgin Atlantic and this has been a new concept in the airlines industry. A good in-flight entertainment service, VIP treatment for first class customers including opting for a beauty therapist, check-in by chauffeur to avoid waiting in the queue, flexible meal service options etc, are examples of customer care standards that have been set by the airlines. VAA also takes customers safety seriously. Employees who form the integral part of the VAA community and VAA is committed to serve its employees better. Good work is recognised by the rewards and recognition program and Virgin Atlantic provides world class training to all its employees. Virgin Atlantic has a good diversity policy and is strictly against discrimination. All employees are treated with respect and honesty. Equal opportunity is provided to all employees and potential candidates who aspire to become a part of the Virgin Atlantic team. Vendors play a key role in the Virgin Atlantic community. Virgin Atlantic has strict policies about creating lasting relationships with vendors and aims at sourcing goods responsibly. All suppliers are thoroughly screened to ensure that key international standards such as Human Rights Convention by UN and International Labour Convention laws are met. Environment & Community: As its commitment to the environment, Virgin Atlantic has incorporated ‘Change is in the Air’ (CIITA) strategy which aims at reducing carbon footprint by using novel technologies and fuels to increase efficiency. Virgin Atlantic is keen on becoming energy efficient and sources sustainable energy where possible. It has a strong recycling and reuse policy which reduces waste and ensuring sustainability. 1B: Impact of Fiscal & Monetary Policies on VAA Fiscal policy can be defined as the policy whereby the governments change the levels of tax and its spending in order to have a positive impact on the nation’s economy. It helps redistribution of wealth, decreases in unemployment rates and provides a way to effectively control the economy. Fiscal policies can either be expansionary or reductionary. An expansionary fiscal policy encourages the growth of the economy by means of expanding the supply of money to combat inflation. This can be done either by cutting down taxes or by increasing the spending of the government (Chambenlin 2009). Fiscal policies are effective when it comes to reduction of unemployment in the shorter term. However, in the long-term they cannot bring in much change as the supply curve is vertical and pushing the demand curve would lead to pushing in the prices, which results in inflation (Gillespie, 2008) Monetary policy on the other hand can be defined as the action that is taken by the central bank or other financial regulators to determine the rate of growth of money supply. It also influences the demand and supply of money as it impacts the interest rates (Chambenlin 2009). The recession has had a very bad impact on Virgin Atlantic. The increase in the competition in the transatlantic services and given the rise in the fuel prices, the airline has seen a loss of ?135m. The airline has also frozen salaries of employees for the current period and has cut over 600 jobs which accounts for 7% of its workforce. Virgin Atlantic has not planned clearly and anticipated the costs. If the planning had been done effectively, Virgin Atlantic would not be facing issues due to increase in fuel prices. Oil is one of the key costs that is incurred by Virgin Atlantic and hence it has a serious impact on the Airlines. Also, in the recession of 2008, there has been a decrease in the passengers for long-haul flights which combined with the oil price has led to a loss of ?150m in 2009. Virgin Atlantic can take advantage of the expansionary fiscal policy whereby there is a cut on taxes and the expansionary monetary policy on the reduction in the interest rates as opposed to contractionary monetary policy. Reduced tax rates would help Virgin Atlantic transfer the reduced costs to the customers and expansionary monetary policy would help reduce exchange rates which would therefore help Virgin Atlantic to export oil at reasonable costs. Given the poor demand for travel due to increase in costs, Virgin can make use of the savings that it has achieved by using expansionary monetary and fiscal policies by slashing down the costs of travel, which would promote and encourage more customers to use their services. Though VAA has been hit by recession, making use of these policies should enable Virgin to regain some of its losses. 1F Benefit for Virgin Atlantic through International Trade Being a global brand servicing various destinations has been a key benefit for Virgin Atlantic as well as British Airways. There are various advantages of International Trade for Virgin Atlantic. These include: Increase in profits: International trade and servicing various locations globally has led to increase in profits for Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. More Sales: Having been a success in the UK and the second largest Airlines in the UK, global destinations and international trade were the next logical steps which increased the sales and turnover of Virgin Atlantic. The same holds good for British Airways. Dependence on one market reduced: International trade helps reduce dependence on one local market. If due to various reasons one market segment fails, another segment can be used thus reducing sole reliance on specific market segments. Better competitiveness in local markets: Serving international destinations and becoming a global brand has increased knowledge, services and experiences for Virgin Atlantic which makes it a very tough competitor amongst local airlines. Expansion into the international market also gives British Airways and Virgin Atlantic new ideas to be able to s atisfy all their key stakeholders, good marketing techniques to promote their ideas and better customer services. Market diversification: Diversification into the global markets has helped BA & VAA to be able to leverage better its resources and make use of booming markets in a bad economy. 1G Global Factors Affecting BA/VAA Both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic are global brands operating on various international locations. There are various key factors that affect the operations of both BA and VAA which relate to the global factors. Political Factors Airlines industry is highly regulated by governments and there are various laws that determine where the airlines can fly, the services offered, planning, their policy and strategies as well as pricing. For airlines to be in the business it is mandatory for them to adhere to these rules and regulations. Thus, compliance is one factor that affects both British Airways as well as Virgin Atlantic. Since both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic operate both nationally and globally there are pivotal national and international laws and obligations, such as H&S regulations, security legislations, taxes etc. For instance, the VAT that has been increased to 20% would affect the stakeholders of both Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. There are various operating restrictions due to political factors. One way to overcome these restrictions is to have tie ups with national carriers. Thus, political factors have a great influence on the operating environment of the airline industry. Economic Factors Recession, and the cost of fuel, and other economic factors, such as cost of having empty seats play a major role which affects the activities of Virgin Atlantic and BA. Global economic markets, strong/weak home currency influences the costs of travel. In a bad economic situation companies might tend to cut down on their travel costs and discourage employees from taking a flight. An increase in the price of the fuel might force BA & Virgin Atlantic to transfer its costs to the end customers making it more difficult for people to afford. Any fluctuation in the oil price will have a direct impact on the currency which in turn impacts the cost of flying for both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. Social Factors International airlines, such as British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, that serve various nations need to understand the social and cultural values of the destinations served in order to be able to successfully drive the business. Social and cultural values encompasses all aspects of understanding the special needs of the destination, the key holidays and any special arrangements that might have to be taken into account while serving a specific destination. For example, the meal choices have to be restricted to non-pork based foods whilst serving Muslim nations to not only ensure the sentiments are catered to and also to drive business in these locations. Technology Factors Technology provides a competitive advantage to businesses and there is an increasing demand for the use of the latest technology to enable customers to get a better experience. Having a good e-commerce application to provide customers a portal to purchase tickets, fast check-in services online would be useful as it would cater to the more tech-savvy and young customer base. However, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic should make sure that they are not overly reliant on using high-end technologies as this might lead to the isolation of certain groups that are not entirely comfortable using these high end technologies. BA & Virgin Atlantic should therefore find a good balance between these two and should be able to optimise the use of technological advancements and leverage the opportunities appropriately. 1H Impact of EU on BA & VAA The EU has a great impact on both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. The EU has enabled an increase in competition in the market. An increase in the competition and a market promoting a healthy competition would now mean that both BA and VAA have to face a lot of competition from various operators within the EU. Hence, in order to be able to successfully steer the business, it is key that BA & VAA keep their prices at check, increase their value added services, and build on their brand value and their unique selling point to ensure customer loyalty and also to attract more customers. The EU has various positive impacts on BA & VAA. Tourism is the third largest sector in the EU and there is a lot of scope for development. EU has had talks with the aviation industry to promote sustainable and reliable services within the EU and BA & VAA can take advantage of this to provide high quality services to the customers. The EU has relaxed its visa policies for member states and also promotes fair international trade system that improves competitiveness and has opened up its markets by unblocking tariff and non-tariff barriers making. This promotes trades and import and export of goods and services. Indirectly this help travel to and from various European Union nations. This can be used by British Airways and Virgin Atlantic to offer specialised services to businessmen and frequent flyers to and from Europe. Relaxing trade restrictive measures means that there are various political factors that are relaxed and this paves way for better collaboration and negotiation. Opening up the markets would mean that the procurement of goods and services can be accessed and available freely across EU without restrictions. This removes any legal and regulatory obstacles that British Airways and Virgin Atlantic faces and helps promote growth and sales in the industry. Increased competitiveness within the EU would mean access to better services, keeping prices in check and ensuring that the brand value is maintained. Conclusion This paper helped to identify the vision and the mission statement of Virgin Atlantic, how it is different from other services. It identified the key stakeholders of the airlines and the responsibilities of Virgin Atlantic towards its stakeholders were discussed in detail. The fiscal policies and monetary policies were then explained and how these related to Virgin Atlantic were also specified. A PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technology) factor analysis was done in order to understand various global factors that affected Virgin Atlantic & British Airways. Finally, the impact of the EU on BA & Virgin Atlantic was discussed in terms of competition, trade restrictions and markets. Works Cited Virgin Atlantic. (2014, September 2014). Retrieved on 06/09/14 from http://www.virgin-atlantic.com/us/en.html Investopedia. (2014, September 2014). Retrieved on 06//09/14 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp European Monetary Policy. (Septmber 2014). Retrieved on 06/09/14 from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/european+monetary+union Chamberlin, G. (September 2009). Economic Review Sep 2009. Economic and Labour Market Review Gillespie, A. (June 2009). Foundations of Economics. New York; Oxford University Press

The Natives of New World

Before the New World was discovered by Christopher Columbus, it was a land inhabited by tribes who have sun-kissed red skin. Even before America was recognized as the home of free white men, it was the American Indians who cultivated and tilled its land. The Native Americans – as most people refer them – have been essential in tracing the origins of the United States of America. Europe had been conquering colonies to increase empiric power and accumulate rich resources. The only discovered areas at that time were called the â€Å"Old World† which included Europe, Africa, and Asia (Robertson, Stewart 51).A notable Italian sea-farer had been working on a new route to travel to Asia in a shorter time. Christopher Columbus thought of sailing west to be able to reach the east, an idea no one ever dared to consider. After many difficulties that he encountered in pursuing the voyage, Columbus landed on a fertile soil greeted by inhabitants which he recognized neither as Asians nor Africans. The natives were illustrated to have a complexion resembling the color of copper. Their physical attributes were further described as such:Their black hair, long and uncurled, floated upon their shoulders, or was bound in tresses around their heads. They had no beards, and every part of their bodies was perfectly smooth†¦Their features singular, rather than disagreeable†¦though not tall, they were well-shaped and active. Their faces, and several parts of their body, were fantastically painted with glaring colors. (71) They were gathered in tribes and were not clothed at that time. The natives were practically astonished by the arrival of the white-skinned settlers.The American Indians were believed to have migrated to the western hemisphere using the Bering land bridge. The land bridge connected a path from Siberia all the way to Alaska. Apparently, this bridge was used by the natives to follow the trend of the journey of animals during the ice age (U tter 7). By the time they reached the land, tribes settled and established their homes. Native American tribes were grouped according to blood-relations living in the same territory and spoke a common dialect (57). Each tribe has its own system of governing members for the purpose of survival and warfare.Tribes have existed even before the Europeans set foot on their land. By the time Christopher Columbus reached the Americas, Native American tribes greeted him and his people, with anxiety and curiosity. After the discovery of the New World, colonizers started flocking to the new land. Migrants from Europe traveled to America to start a new life and to conquer the rich untouched soil. Due to this massive influx of migrants, it started inflicting effects that endangered the natives. Epidemic diseases brought by the foreigners caused deaths among the American Indians.These diseases such as chickenpox and pneumonia did not prepare the natives to be immune from it (Thornton 28). This gr eatly reduced the number of Native American population during the time of colonization because of massive number of deaths. The era of conquest took the natives’ land and grabbed what wealth they have. Aside from this, they never escaped the commerce of slavery, sexual exploits and discrimination. In later years, the natives were forced to study and learned how to live like the white people.They were taught not to speak of their native language and to learn English and institutions were built for acculturation of the Caucasian culture (Nagel 115). These kinds of exploits and abuse prompted the natives to fight off the colonizers. They maybe outnumbered by the whites and their weapons were not a match against the pistols but they made sure they have defended themselves. These uprisings were known as the ‘Indian Wars’. It became the label for the fight against the natives, to completely eradicate their culture and identity from the New World (Utter 169).Before the acculturation happened, the lifestyle of the American Indians was as unique as their physical characteristics. Their spiritual life was governed by what they call ‘The Great Spirit. ’ The American Indians saw this spirit as the bearer of their good fortune. They give thanks to this supreme deity when they win battles, good harvest, and good health. On the contrary, they also have a spirit which was a counterpart of the Great one where bad luck was mostly associated (McIntosh 104). The natives hunted animals to be able to live and hunting not just became a necessity but also part of recreation.Hunting became a sport among the natives. By the time the settlers came, horses were re-introduced to them. They domesticated this animal and became part of their everyday lives. From carrying belongings, to hunting games as well as waging wars, horses became a huge part of the Native American society (Fuss & Mellis 9). American Indians were described as lively people who enjoyed c elebrations such as feasts. They prepared feasts for almost every major activity in their tribes. Feasts were accompanied with lively music, dancing, and prayers.These are celebrated after a hunting trip, in marriage, after curing the sick, after birth, and in funerals (McIntosh 164). The natives always incorporated their spirituality in these celebrations and this made the mark of their identity and culture. They have long been discriminated in their land and colonizers have tried to erase their culture in the New World. However, as time went by, American Indians still fought for the right to have their very own place in the land they once called their own. They fought to have freedom when it comes to religion and practicing their culture.The natives also strived to gain tribal sovereignty (Josephy, Nagel, Johnson 7). This fight for freedom took centuries for it to become part of a recognized set of laws. In 1975, the Self-Determination Act became one of the first laws that focused on giving the American Indians sovereignty within their own tribes (7). It can be said that this fight that the natives did, opened the doors for anti-discrimination movements. This inspired other minorities like the African Americans and other colored race to be treated equally as citizens.Theses minorities wanted to be citizens that have the same rights and privileges with the Whites. The struggle of the American Indians can be seen as a starting point for America to be known as the land of the free. Through the course of history, they have suffered and were persecuted in their own land. Their struggle for freedom became the bearer for other minorities to gain confidence in fighting for their right as well. If not for this struggle, America won’t recognize the essence of freedom with the absence of discrimination. America won’t be able to take pride in the land that they claimed to be free.

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, Essay

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, physical evidence) for the service offering on which you based assignment one - Essay Example It will provide the firm opportunities and to reduce the impact of threats. In this case, Holiday inn Hotel has to make adjustment of the traditional 4Ps marketing mix that entails product, price, promotion, and place and adopt more Ps, which include process, physical evidence, and people to achieve its marketing objectives. Useful marketing objectives must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART) (Wilson and Gilligan, 2004). The marketing objectives should be based on the situational evaluation of the environment of the company (Lambin, et.al. 2007). In this case, Holiday Inn should use its strengths to eradicate its weaknesses and respond to threats in the industry (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Moreover, marketing objectives should aim at exploiting market opportunities that will enable the company compete efficiently and attain a higher market share in the industry (Kotler, and Keller, 2011). The first marketing objective of Holiday Inn should be to enhance its presence in the upcoming markets such as China and Dubai by 15 percent in the next five years. The Asian market offers abundant growth and profitability opportunities due the high growth in consumer revenues, good infrastructure and growth in tourism numbers; therefore Holiday Inn should expand its presence in those markets. The hotel brand has huge financial resources and human talent thus it is possible to use its learning experience in the hospitality market to attain high market share in Asia (Ariffin and Maghzi, 2012). The second marketing objective for Holiday Inn is to increase the current bed occupancy by 25 percent in the next five years. The goal is specific and attainable since the global tourism travel numbers are increasing while the wealthy global economy will lead to a rise in international business travel. Previous research by Bowie and

Christine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christine - Essay Example in women or cars and that is perhaps the reason why King used a feminine personification for the car to make Arnie’s relationship with it look like a love triangle, that is, if Leigh is added in the picture. Using a male personification for the car could not have as compelling as when it was given a female name. In the following paragraphs, it will be made clear that if Christopher took the character of Christine, the story would not have been impressive or effective for King’s objectives in the novel. In addition, the standard perception of men in relation to cars, the stereotypical female lover who is possessive, jealous, cunning, devious and their unconventional characteristic of being a hero will be discussed to further explain why Christopher cannot be as an effective character as Christine. Arnie is the bullied type of character in his school and hometown. He is described in the novel as â€Å"pizza-face† with his pimples often oozing and he had only one friend, Dennis. This means, he was the type of guy who surely is still a virgin when his age mates changed girlfriends a number of times already. With such physical characteristics, King’s story would not be believable if Arnie suddenly turns into an extreme character, dating the most beautiful girl in school. Therefore, the author uses an obsession to an old car that Arnie thinks he could turn into a beauty, as the reason for Arnie’s transformation. When Arnie bought the car, there have been changes in his character which only girls can have an influence on in boys, or at least that is how parents often see it. He turned from the â€Å"yes sir/yes ma’am† boy he had been for seventeen years to a â€Å"man† who fights for the things he believes in. Yes, he turned into a man just like when a boy does when he gets his first sexual experience. Although Arnie’s relationship with the car is not sexual at all, the fact that it is named Christine, a female name, it is made to look like he just had his

Critical Thinking Application Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking Application Paper - Essay Example If workers have good critical thinking skills their chances of having positive outcomes to problems that arise in the workplace are good. The components of critical thinking are "perception, assumptions, emotions, language, argument, fallacies, logic, problem solving, and conclusion"3. It is important to note that different people can be given the same problem and come out with different valid arguments. Perception is how the problem is seen by the individual or group. Assumptions are the current beliefs held by the decision makers. Emotions are personal feelings that affect how we think and act. The argument is the problem to be solved or what we believe to be true. Fallacies are ideas that are not related to the question and not related to the answer either. Logic is the facts involved and is usually what can not be changed. Problem solving is the process of weighing information and coming up with a solution. The conclusion is the derived answer from the critical thinking process. Why is critical thinking important Critical thinkers are more successful at the different situations that they encounter in their lives. There is a positive correlation between critical thinking and college GPA4. Students who possess critical thinking scores get higher grades in school. ... The benefits of critical thinking are many. For the individual it means making better decisions based on a well thought out process. Critical thinkers are valued employees especially if they have a track record of making decisions that benefit the organization (increase profits or lower cost of goods sold). For communities it means elected individuals making sound decisions based upon facts. How does one develop good critical thinking skills Luckily these skills can be taught. There are many different methods to critically analyze solutions to problems. The CRITO5 method developed at the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts is a good way to learn and practice critical thinking skills. The acronym CRITO6 stands for: Conclusion - conclusion or claim Reasons - premises or reasons Inference - test the inference of argument Test - test the truth of premises or reasons Objections - construct objections, respond to objections By setting up a CRITO worksheet and working through a problem with the worksheet a problem can be examined and possibly solved. Different groups working using the same worksheet may come up with different valid solutions. Conclusions of the worksheet can be changed or implemented. Critical thinking is taught at different grades in school, at the college level, and by organizations that require their employees to use critical thinking in their jobs. Individuals can learn critical thinking skills by researching and reading relevant material. "If it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn't, it ain't. That's logic."--Lewis Carroll7 A good example of critical thinking occurred when I was working as a library aid for the county library. At that time the library had

Social Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Performance - Essay Example In this case, there are different types of categories who have interest in the BP Power project. The table below shows the stakeholder list and their roles. In this case, BP power management and employees are the primary stakeholders since they are directly involved in carrying out the work. The members of the community are the secondary stakeholders since they are impacted by the project though some of them are not directly involved. Table 1: Stakeholder list and roles Stakeholders Interests/ roles in the project BP Power -Project coordinator - should act as a role models in society by being socially responsible to the people targeted. Community members - participating at grassroots levels to ensure that the project is a success -Generation as well as sharing of knowledge about their area. BP Power employees Responsible for executing the actual project 2. It is recommended that stakeholder involvement in the project should be given priority in a bid to positively influence the desti ny of the business being undertaken in this scenario. Basically, this particular project is mainly concerned with creating a sense of asset management among the intended beneficiaries so that they can also have a positive feeling towards development projects that are meant to uplift their welfare in their respective communities. Thus, the success of this project can be determined by the involvement of the members of the local communities. It is therefore recommended that the coordinators of this project should actively involve the community members in different aspects of the project such as decision making since they are the ones who will be directly impacted by the project. The community members can provide invaluable knowledge about their area to the project coordinators which also helps to improve the way a project is carried out. It is also recommended that teamwork among the employees of the company should be promoted since this helps in creating and sharing of knowledge that is vital in carrying out this work. It is also recommended that the management should adopt a democratic, participatory leadership style that is open to all members involved in the project. Mutual understanding is likely to be achieved if this style of leadership is used in carrying out a project of this magnitude. 3. Being the CEO responsible for coordinating the project, I would encourage stakeholders to form coalition teams responsible for carrying out different tasks in the project. For instance, I would encourage the employees to work as teams and these teams would be responsible for executing different tasks in the project. The success of a given project mainly depends with teamwork among the people responsible for carrying out the work. As a leader, I would facilitate team formation and give the much needed support to all the stakeholders so that they can share the same vision of the project. I would also promote learning among the team members so that they can generate vital knowledge about different aspects of the project. I would also make an effort to form a coalition of influential community members who can positively influence other people in their respective areas to take a positive approach towards the project since it would be designed to

Examine and discuss the influence of individual resistance to change, Essay

Examine and discuss the influence of individual resistance to change, potential sources of stress, and consequences in organizations. Recommend approaches to managing change and stress - Essay Example But it is equally true that people tend to resist any kind of change within and outside their professional life for variety of reasons. Hence, organizations need to implement the changes in a manner that mitigates the resistance of the individuals and instills confidence in them. In the book ‘Organization Behavior’ the authors Hitt et al, have cited four basic causes of resistance to change: lack of understanding; different assessment; self interest; and low tolerance (Hitt, A. Miller, C. Chet Miller and Colella, 2005). The first factor normally happens when the employees and staff are not clear about the changes that need to be made which creates fear of the unknown among the persons who need to adapt to the changes. The second factor is crucial because the management may resist to the change as a result of assessing the change in a differently perspective, mainly due to lack of communication on the part of management. This type of resistance develops when organization is in the process of adopting newer technology which creates self doubt of the new technology and at the same time they become unsure about their own ability to successfully adapt the changes in their work practice. Finally self interests and low tolerance for change is usually o bserved when people in the organization do not anticipate changes and therefore often undergo different modes of emotional resistance before accepting the changes. These are major factors that create irrational fear, emotions like anger, frustration and reluctant acceptance that promotes non-congenial atmosphere for work. They fight against any change to defend their position and job in the organization, keeping their self interest in mind. A good leader ensures that all types of changes must be gradually introduced with full participation of the employees so that at each stage, they are able to understand the necessity and viability of the changes that must be

Business environment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business environment report - Essay Example In addition, the company also offers financial and online services across Asia, North America, and Europe. Based on the revenue, it is the third largest retailer in the world behind Carrefour and Wal-Mart, which is the largest. In terms of profit, it surpasses Carrefour to rank only behind Wal-mart. In the UK, its biggest competitors are ASDA and Sainsbury. Tesco’s philosophy is embedded in their desire to expand and grow as is shown by their strategy. Tesco has a consistent and well-established growth strategy that has allowed them to strengthen their core business in the UK, as well as drive their expansion to other markets (Tesco Plc, 2013: p1). This paper will seek to discuss the business environment of Tesco. The business environment analysis will include the micro-economic analysis because it directly impacts the management of the company. A macro-environment analysis will also be essential because it impacts the decisions taken by the management, which will include a PE ST analysis, SWOT analysis, and Porter’s five forces analysis. The paper will also compare Tesco’s financial ratios with those of its biggest UK rival, Sainsbury in order to determine its financial environment and performance. With regards to Tesco’s financial status, the analysis will be made for the period between 2009 and 2011. Finally, the paper will make recommendations as to how Tesco can adapt to the current business environment. Tesco’s Business Environment Analysis Micro Environment factors For Tesco, customers are one of the most important factors of the business. Tesco as an organization gives their customers increased benefits to keep them happy, for example, giving them the best quality and variety of products (Jones et al, 2012: p884). Tesco ensures that they are able to meet the demands of their consumers in an environment where competition is ever increasing, whereas also meeting the expectations of the wider market. Another factor is mate rials, which is important because production and sales at Tesco are directly related to materials. If the material is easily available, the production and sales will increase. Tesco ensures this by storing their material in easily accessible warehouses. Employees are another important micro-environmental factor. Tesco ensures that they have the best staff for them to offer better service to the consumer. Satisfaction of the employees helps to improve the quality of their service and improves their competitiveness (Elearn, 2013: p11). Suppliers are important to Tesco in order to offer competitive service to their customers. Having and maintaining efficient supply chains improves their ability to get orders delivered on time. Getting the material delivered on time has various advantages and it is essential for Tesco to maintain a good supplier-user relationship (Elearn, 2013: p12). The shareholders are an important micro-environmental factor, as well. Great organizations require good relations with their shareholders in order to increase their growth. Tesco gives substantial dividends to their shareholders, whereas also allowing their employees and suppliers to buy company shares. This gives added satisfaction to their suppliers and employees, improving their productivity. Media gives Tesco the ability to achieve top sales and, as such, it is an important micro-environmental factor. It is important to get information on new products and services, as well as

Crucial role of women in Death of a Salesman by Artur Miller Research Paper

Crucial role of women in Death of a Salesman by Artur Miller - Research Paper Example Contrary to other women characters who live for money and personal benefits, Linda is a boss to her family. Linda takes the part of an instructor who guides the entire family with timely intervention. Even though the sons refuse to obey their father, they support their mother and recognize that she is an important part of their future and to the end of their lives. Linda is a devoted and conservative wife. She exudes love and sympathizes with her husband. The play opens with Willy cancelling his business trip abruptly and returns home in a noticeably tense state. Instead of questioning him, Linda calmly asks him what led to his return and offers him a sandwich and cheese from the refrigerator and goes back to bed without worrying about anything (Miller, 11). She knows that the cause of his malady is deep rooted and that he is facing serious issues. Instead of dwelling on his mental derangement and a state of worsening health, she goes on to speculate on the vehicle’s condition by informing her husband that maybe the mechanic had not mend the steering wheel or that Willy ought to change his spectacles to assist him in seeing the road clearly. She advises her husband to request his employer to retain him at the local office, that he was better off in New York rather than in New England as he cannot pain of long distance travelling at his age. Linda is loved by Willy. The moments when Willy reveals his devotion to his wife are persuasive in the play. Even though Willy turns away from the right norms, is lying and full of delusion, Linda never leaves his side and never punishes him for his sins. A self-sacrificing character due to remarkable forgiveness, Linda strengthens the bond between the family members. She is aware of her husbands’ misgivings: that he is secretly borrowing cash from the neighbor Charley so as to manage bills, knows that Willy could possibly be having an affair, is aware of the rubber hose that is hidden behind the heater but she puts all these aside. She wants to protect her husband from himself and from the rest of the world. This is because her husband has attempted to take his own life several times before. She is afraid that he may try to asphyxiate himself with the rubber hose. When Willy realizes this, he also strengthens his love for her and reaffirms his need for her in his life. Willy says â€Å"You’re the best there is, Linda, you’re a pal, and you know that on the road I would want to grab you sometimes and just kiss the life out of you† (Miller 37-38). Linda is kind to her sons. She speaks in defense of Biff to her husband when she says that â€Å"†¦it is natural for young people to seek company outside home†. Parents should gladly let off their mature sons and not to try to possess them. She says that it requires a considerable amount of time for a young man to settle down. Biff is moved by her kindness. He often calls her ‘pal’. Happy on the other hand looks at her as an ideal woman. He says that he is looking for a woman of his mother’s character and ‘resistance’ to marry. Happy appears to be searching for a mother –figure or surrogate mother (Miller 37-38). Linda does not hesitate to admonish her sons when they misbehave. She frankly tells Biff that he should not be like a bird coming to the garden in spring and deserting it in winter. She stresses the need for Biff to support his father in his old age. She emphasizes that he should either respect his father or stay away from home

Embracing the World through Hospitality Course Essay Example for Free

Embracing the World through Hospitality Course Essay Traveling is one of the most exciting and adventurous experiences that an individual could ever have in his or her life. Almost everyone has a dream of traveling the world to see the things beyond their horizon. It has been said that an individual who travels a lot, learns and experiences a lot. This is one of the reasons why I chose to take a hospitality course. Aside from the fact that I do love traveling, I also wanted to learn and experience more. I want to discover all the wonders of the world and be able to share it with other people. Among the greatest experiences that contribute to my desire to be involved in hospitality service are my travel experiences in various countries like South Africa, Senegal, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. Through these experiences, I came to realize how wonderful our civilization is. I also came to discover that there are other rich cultures outside my territory and knowing other culture has made me aware how important the concepts of understanding is. I grew up in a country where racism is prevalent. The differences among cultures are the reasons why some people tend to harm people who behave differently from them. My travel experiences taught me the value of going beyond our horizon and getting to know other people as well. Their knowledge and experiences might be helpful and significant in one way or another as we traverse the roads of our life. I want to discover the world. This is also one of the reasons why I want to take a hospitality course. The importance of discovering the world would make us more academically, emotionally, mentally and physically involved in promoting the good of what we have. Indeed, like plants and animals, we are inhabiting a place that is more mystical and complicated in many sense. But unlike these creatures, we have the power to think and act according to what would be good for this earth. I may sound like a Miss Universe candidate answering a question that is likely to influence my audience, yet my claim that we could do more things to make this world more comprehensible, best managed, and taken cared of is indeed possible. Through hospitality course, I know in my self that I could be one of those individuals working to promote the best of this world. Moreover, studying the different aspects of our society, specifically of the different countries, would make me aware of how these countries, despite their differences, were able to build and employ an international relationship that has unity and coherence. Knowledge in history, economy, politics and other important aspects or systems of different countries would enable me to devise an activity or program that would promote understanding and encourage unity from different people. Through this, people with racist attitude might be reduced, particularly in many racist countries. Indeed, my love of traveling in different places made me a more open person, with lots of dreams for my country and for the whole world as well. My travels and discovery of other cultures such as what people in South Africa, Senegal, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica also made me a more knowledgeable and improved individual such that embracing other peoples culture and studying the different systems of their country have enlightened me that it is not enough that I am living within my horizon because life and discovery beyond this is significant in many ways as we are living in a diverse world. I do hope to become a part of the hospitality industry for me to be able to share to other people how wonderful our complex world is, how important hospitality industry in supporting the countrys economy, and how understanding differences in culture and other systems make us a better person. In addition, I hope to become a part of the hospitality industry for me to be able to serve the diverse people of this world in the most applicable and appropriate way that would satisfy them and make them realize how wonderful it is to travel and discover the world.

Music Genres Role And Meaning Media Essay

Music Genres Role And Meaning Media Essay Today there many varieties of music known worldwide, from pop, classical, rock, jazz and RB, these are just a few examples of different types or genre of music that is found anywhere you go at all places. Music genre can be described as a type or form of music. But what makes these types of music different from each other? What makes them different from each other is that genres help categorize and organize the many different types of music. Music genres role is important in the world music because it gives a type of music a sense of identity, culture and purpose for us to know what types differentiate from one another. Because there are so many styles we must I.D. types or genres of music and categorize them so that we can identify which music is which. Music genre can help give music their sense of identity. It will help us know that when we are listening to music, we know what kind of music were listening to and also what is involved in the music. For example, say a person is listening to jazz music. How can one identify it in the genre of jazz music? The things that are more often than not in jazz music are swing patterns on the drums, unusual time signatures, saxophones and trumpet. With these common traits of jazz music, these will help a person identify that it is jazz music when they hear these things. With genre it categorizes jazzs identity with swing drum beats saxophones and trumpets and in a way it is also categorizing what kind of instruments are in a genre. Another example of identity and categorization is rock music. How can a person identify rock music? Well as most of us know rock music will mostly contain drums, electric guitar and bass and keyboards. Rock music is also typically played harder and faster than most music with distorted guitars and booming drums. This is the kind of identity that rock music has with the instruments, dynamics and tempo involved. These examples show how music genre can give different types of music a sense of identity, and categorize and organize it for people to know how to differentiate between the many styles of music from its identity. Genre also can give people who listen to music an identity. Genres create stereotypes which gives each type of music a sense of identity for people who listen to that certain music. In terms of emo or scream music, people who listen to this music are stereotyped has gothic or scene with dark clothing and appearances to crazy hair styles. With that the way that they dress can easily tell us what kind of music they are into and it is also a way of communicating with another person who listens to the same genre of music. They can identify each other as gothic or scene and then they can form a connection with that person. This doesnt mean that they listen purely to emo or screamo music as they could have a broader taste in music and they could listen to country music or classical music as well. But these kinds of stereotypes can give us a generalization of what kind of music people listen and it can help us connect with one another. Different types of music genres also can serve purposes. Certain kinds of music can serve a certain kind purpose that go in unison with its identity. For instance, dance music obviously serves its purpose for people to dance to it. Its rhythm beat and tempo is designed specifically for people to dance to, then its tempo is usually fast and upbeat so that it catches peoples ear for them to dance to. Classical music today now serves a purpose for people to relax to. Because of its soothing sounds of strings and a calmer rhythm, it can help people relax because it is easy on the ears. Love or sadder songs serve a purpose in expressing feelings and can also serve as a technique for someone to express themselves and tell about they truly think about. Many athletes listen to Rap or Rock music to pump themselves up so it can serve a purpose in that context. Many different types of music can serve all kinds of purposes just as the examples have shown. Culturally speaking, music genre plays a role in identifying music with culture. With music genre we can identify what music comes from where. With samba and salsa music we can classify it in the genre of Latin Music. So with that we can understand that samba and salsa music comes from the Latin culture because its genre is Latin music. This will then help people understand that this form of music originates in Latin countries and genre plays a role in which it gives music a geographical background. With the genre of classical music when people hear this music, they can pinpoint the era of where it came from. When we hear Mozart or Bach we can hear what the music was like back during those times, and it gives us a sense of what the culture was like. In those times they didnt call it classical music it was just their form of music. The same can apply for 50s 60s music with doo wop or 70s music with disco. When we listen to these types of genres of we can hear how the music was like in any era and gives a sense of culture of how the music was like in those time periods. Classical music has been used often in advertisements and commercials to help sell their product from their cultural origins. When people hear classical music, many people will think first class and sophistication because back in that time period, people who would attend music events at theaters were usually ones of the upper class. So when people hear that kind of music in any advertisement they can think to themselves that the company selling the product is a first class product better than the rest or even that the product shown in the ad is first class itself. Advertising is manipulating the stereotype that classical music is for people of the upper class by giving them the illusion that they are a high class sophisticated company and probably also try to challenge their customers Are you a first class sophisticated person? Then buy our product! For example many car companies such as BMW or Lexus use classical music in their television advertisements because they are known to be in the upper echelon class of cars. Because they are luxurious cars they want showcase classical music in their advertisements so that they can live up to their reputation as first class luxurious cars. I dont think it is unfair for classical music to be showcased in television advertisements; the reason being that it much different than any of the music that is out there today. If anyone were to listen to a rock or rap song in advertisement it doesnt really catch the ear as much as classical music because they are the genres of music we listen to daily. So if someone hears a classical music in an advertisement, it can really catch their attention and make them pay attention to that commercial. I think its a brilliant strategy to put classical music to a commercial to help sell a product because its kind of a communication tool to really get your customers attention. In addition to that I think classical composers will feel accomplished of the fact that their music is still being played today. They have created music that is original, different for our generation and generations to come and also their music is timeless because no matter what classical music will live on. So its fair for us to continue to live on their legacy. In conclusion music genre role and meaning deals with three aspects in identity, culture and purpose to help us differentiate between different music styles. Genre helps people identify what the music is and what is composed in the music from the instrumentation to the rhythm and beat and how it sounds. Genre plays a role in cultural identity in that it gives people an idea of what time period the music is from or from where its country of origin is. Different types of genre also serve a purpose in that many types of music can serve for a single purpose to enhance peoples lives such as dancing or relaxation. These are the reasons music genre play an important role in the world of music.

Religions Effect on The Wanderer :: Religion Clergy Wanderer Poetry Poem essays

Religion's Effect on The Wanderer â€Å"He who is alone often lives to find favor† (Wanderer), but is he searching needlessly? In short, â€Å"The Wanderer† is an Old English poem of a man who is exiled due to the loss of his liege lord. The man then finds himself traveling the sea in search of a new land in which he could remain. His travel is accompanied by a lament from his heart. His heart has little hope, and even that is overpowered by the lament for the land he had just been exiled from. Yet hope still manages to find a place in this sad tale, for this oral poem was made into a manuscript by the Christian Monks around the year of 975 (Wanderer). â€Å"The Wanderer† is among many of the oral traditions of the Anglo-Saxon period that have been put into print. Through this transition of being spoken to now being read, â€Å"The Wanderer† has lost and gained different components of its original form. If one were to remove the words of the author, the poem would be left with only a â€Å"sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot† (Encarta), which is the average focus of poems spoken at the time. However, with the author interjecting phrases as simple as â€Å"So the wise man spoke in his heart† (Wanderer), it lifts the appeal of true harshness. The author takes this man’s most abstract and uneasy thoughts and gives a simple explanation for them, and this leads the reader to not judge the wanderer- based on his morbid thoughts- as much. The author does not go as far as to create sympathy for the wanderer, just far enough to create an understanding of him. No person wants to be judged based on personal thoughts, for things expressed only within the mind are not meant to be observed by others. It could create a wrong impression of a person, and that is what the author is making sure does not happen. There is an â€Å"elegiac note [that] finds it most eloquent expression in ‘The Wanderer’† (â€Å"Wanderer†). However, because of the clergies inserting an author, this great sense of elegy is slightly altered due to the fact: it is not completely a reflective essay anymore, but mostly because the melancholy tone is lightened by the author’s explanation, which are two key components of elegy. Granted, it is believed to be one of the best examples of elegy, but it must have been more so before it was put into manuscript.

The Presentation of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls :: J.B. Priestley An Inspector Calls Plays Essays

The Presentation of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestley was born in Yorkshire on 13th September 1894. He gained his writing experience in the years before the war 1911-1914; he did not work among professional writers; he was around â€Å"people who read a great deal, cared a lot for at least one of the arts, and preferred a real talk and hot arguments to social chit-chat.† Despite having grown up into his father’s circle of socialist friends, he found himself joining in in their political discussions/arguments. It was around this time that Priestley started to write in his front attic bedroom. At the age of twenty, and at the outbreak of war, in 1914, he joined the infantry. He left in 1919, having seen active front-line service in France and having narrowly escaped being killed when a German shell exploded three yards away from him and having been a victim of a gas-attack. In â€Å"An Inspector Calls†, Priestley uses a lot of his political views in the Inspectors speeches by using him as a kind of a mouthpiece for his socialism. The play was written in 1946; however it was set in 1912, just before the outbreak of WWI. This was a new era when people were no longer willing to accept the poverty or the class system that had gone before. Priestley strongly believed that everyone had some responsibility for others in society and not just their own welfare. He realised that change was coming and explores this theme in his play. Priestley believed that events are repeated over again unless people face up to their past activities, like Eric and Sheila do, and only this can bring about a positive and equal change in society. At the start of the play, Act 1, Mr Birling is portrayed to the audience as quite a self confident and opinionated person who doesn’t believe in â€Å"collective responsibility†. He feels he belongs to a social class that makes him superior and somewhat divorced from other members of society. He has no concept of helping, or being responsible for others. This is shown in Act 1 when he is with the family and his daughter’s new fiancà ©, Gerald Croft, celebrating their engagement. He made a few speeches that give the audience a bad view of him and make him look arrogant and ignorant. â€Å"†¦Just because the Kaiser makes a speech or two†¦Everything to loose with war, and nothing to gain.† And to Eric, â€Å"†¦And I say there isn’t a chance of war†¦in a world that’ll have forgotten all these Capital versus Labour agitations and all these silly little war scares.

We Must Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms Essay -- argumentative, pe

Within the United States Constitution, amendments one through ten referred to as the â€Å"Bill of Rights† contains amendment two which reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (States, 1789). Despite this amendment, gun control still remains one of the most highly-debated issues in the United States. While the Constitution clearly states our right â€Å"to keep and bear Arms†, the gun control lobbyists continue to challenge this right by using the media to convey misleading stories on how guns by themselves are the problem. By contrast, the real issues are not the guns but the people who use them. Therefore guns should not be used as a political patsy to avoid dealing directly with the real issues that prompt gun-related violence. After the incidents at Columbine and Virginia Tech., a typical emotional reaction would be to blindly demand a b an on all firearms or wish they never existed in the first place. Some may feel motivated to push for legislation that makes us feel like we are "doing something," but this may not accomplish anything, or worse, it could do more harm (Schools and Gun Violence, 2008). Therefore the problems with American society are not related to the possession of firearms, but rather an unraveling of ethics and morals. To preserve our civil liberty such as the right to keep and bear arms, our current laws must be enforced consistently. Adding additional restrictions on our civil liberties will only ensure that one day our rights will slowly erode away, until gone completely. Just as any restriction put on the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances can be viewed as a violation... ...amounts to nothing less than tyranny: an insult to the intelligence of the people. Gun control underestimates the ability of citizens to educate themselves in proper weapons storage and usage. Gun control places too much power in the hands of the government, which can so easily turn on the people. The American Constitution should rarely be tampered with; its Bill of Rights was written with wisdom and foresight. The right to keep and bear arms is immutable. Works Cited Association, N. R. (2010). Issues. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from NRA: http://home.nra.org/#/ila Schools and Gun Violence. (2008, June 29). Retrieved June 11, 2011, from GunSite: http://guncite.com/gun_control_gcgvscho.html States, C. o. (1789, March 4). Bill of rights. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from http://www.archives.gov: http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html

Kant on Time as A Priori Essay

Immanuel Kant presented a series of arguments regarding the nature of time. He sought to prove that time is innate in the sensibility of all human beings and that it is independent of the material world and argued that time belongs to experience as an a priori form of intuition (Kant, 74). In his Critique of Pure Reason, he claimed that time is a priori instead of being a permeating feature of mind-independent reality. He also argued that the nature of time as an element of the universe is sensible instead of conceptual which the mind   compels upon experience (75). He arrived at the conclusion that time could not independently exist or be associated to other objects as a verifiable entity. He claimed time to be the form of inner sense and maintained that time is â€Å"It is the immediate condition of inner appearances (of our souls), and thereby the mediate condition of outer appearances.†Ã‚   (77).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first of Kant’s arguments regarding time as an a priori form of sensibility states that it is a necessity for our understanding of   simultaneity and succession to be preconceived since they are generated in our minds prior to our experience of simultaneous but successive moments in time (75). Kant claims: â€Å"Time is not an empirical concept that has been derived from any experience. For neither coexistence nor succession would ever come within our perception,   if the representation of time were not presupposed as underlying them a priori. Only on the presupposition of time can we represent to ourselves a number of things as existing at one and the same time (simultaneously) or at different times (successively).†Ã‚   (74) By stating that â€Å"Only under its presuppositions can one represent that several things exist at one and the same time   or in different times,† (74) Kant, in essence, is implying that concepts can not made on the basis of perception unless we have a preconceived notion of such concept. For example, our notion of a â€Å"dog† could not be a concept which is based on our experience since our mind would not be able to perceive it we did not have an idea of a â€Å"dog† which was based on a preconceived notion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, even with Gardner’s explanation, Kant’s argument is still unpersuasive. It fails to offer us sufficient reasons to agree that a preconceived notion of time is a necessary prerequisite of the perception of time. This argument is not compelling enough to weaken how time is viewed in the common sense because it begs a faulty conclusion that if this was so, our notion of color should also be a priori. Consequently, with this argument, the logical assumption about time would be that â€Å"because the notion of time is conjured simultaneously with representing the world of material objects, it cannot be based on perception of material objects. The basic view of the nature of time actually remains definite as the properties of time, which exists in and all the objects of the universe, are perceived through our experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kant’s second argument tries to prove that time is an a priori form of intuition by arguing that it is possible to consider time without any appearances of any material object but it is not possible to consider any material object without the appearance of time. Kant argues: â€Å"Time is a necessary representation that underlies all intuitions. We cannot, in respect of appearances in general,remove time itself, though we can quite well think time as void of appearances. Time is, therefore, given a priori. In it alone is actuality of appearances possible at all. Appearances may, one and all, vanish; but time (as the universal condition of their possibility) cannot itself be removed..† (74-75) However, if we take this argument into consideration, it would then be logically imperative to conclude that space embodies the of outer sense or time embodies the inner appearance however this conclusion, albeit sound based on the provisions of the Kant’s argument, actually contradicts the text itself .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, Kant’s arguments fail to mitigate the strong points of the common sense view of time which is, that time is a pervasive feature of the world. His arguments do not offer conclusive ideas. Although he tries to provide empirical evidences to his arguments by referencing his claims with the realities of experience, his arguments imply assumptions that when interpreted do not necessarily hold true. His theory requires a vital premise, that our notions of time and space are a priori, and it requires it to be granted in the onset however he offers no compelling argument. This vital premise caused the undoing of his entire theory. Works Cited Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Kemp-Smith, Norman. Palgrave Macmillan, 1995.

The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s?

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest secret is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the shame of such a disclosure because of his status as an important moral figure in society. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is publicly ridiculed for their act of adultery. Despite his choice of guilt over shame, Mr.Dimmesdale’s private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his physical being and mental state, causing much greater suffering than Hester’s public shame of the scarlet letter. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale endures is self-inflicted due to the immense weight of his guilty conscience. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of psychologica l torture and suffering he would endure by his own hand.By only confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to forgive him but himself. He does not allow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional pain leads him to inflict pain with a â€Å"bloody scourge†, which he had often â€Å"plied on his own shoulders†(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of penance and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows â€Å"cleanse away evil† and stripes wash the heart (Prov 20:30). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself without confession, but this is impossible. Through this self-mutilation, he attempts to relieve his mental pain by inflicting self pain; he find this unsatisfying because he still neglects to partake in the most impo rtant aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as another attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, – not, however, like them†¦Ã‚  but rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance†(99).Religiously, fasting is commonly used as a form of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unsuccessful cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture; what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes hopeless when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of loneliness and suffering, but ne ver to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all within himself; he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, who’s publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as hurtful at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdale’s suufering. Hester has an escape route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her accountability in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and make something good out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them food and clothing. By the end of the novel, the shame of the scarlet letter is long gone. She doesn’t owe anything to the townspeople anymore. Some even forget what the scarlet A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the center of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, outwardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his desire to repent is repeatedly overcome by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdale’s decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personality within himself that results in the deterioration of his mental well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality; he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdale’s protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdale’s congregation generally interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdale's tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, â€Å"I am the greatest sinner among you,† but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he won t be taken literally. He is essentially at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding quest for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with wholesome intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to nourish his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy; Dimme sdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant provoking from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdale’s life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdale’s actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his dependence of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, â€Å"Nevertheless, time went on; a kind of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these two cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human thought and study to meet upon; they discussed every topic of ethics and religion, of public affairs, and private character; they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..â€Å"(P#). Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a t wisted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture intensifies Dimmesdale’s suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became secluded from the other people in her society.They exemplify this with the quote, â€Å"Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. â€Å"(61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which secluded her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdale's cowardice in not confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment: she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. But Dimmesdale's internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worse than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a positive role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from â€Å"adulteress† to â€Å"able†. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the opportunity to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it private ly. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and grow despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease painful feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdale's choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and grow as a person. Mr. Dimmesdale’s choice of anonymity in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death. The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s? In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest secret is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the shame of such a disclosure because of his status as an important moral figure in society. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is publicly ridiculed for their act of adultery.Despite his choice of guilt over shame, Mr.  Dimmesdale’s private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his physical being and mental state, causing much greater suffering than Hester’s public shame of the scarlet letter. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale endures is self-inflicted due to the immense weight of his guilty conscience. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of psycholog ical torture and suffering he would endure by his own hand.By only confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to forgive him but himself. He does not allow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional pain leads him to inflict pain with a â€Å"bloody scourge†, which he had often â€Å"plied on his own shoulders†(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of penance and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows â€Å"cleanse away evil† and stripes wash the heart (Prov 20:30). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself without confession, but this is impossible. Through this self-mutilation, he attempts to relieve his mental pain by inflicting self pain; he find this unsatisfying because he still neglects to partake in the most i mportant aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as another attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, – not, however, like them†¦But rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance†(99). Religiously, fasting is commonly used as a form of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unsuccessful cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture; what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes hopeless when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of loneliness and suffering, but ne ver to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all within himself; he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, who’s publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as hurtful at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdale’s suufering. Hester has an escape route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her accountability in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and make something good out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them food and clothing. By the end of the novel, the shame of the scarlet letter is long gone. She doesn’t owe anything to the townspeople anymore. Some even forget what the scarlet A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the center of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, outwardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his desire to repent is repeatedly overcome by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdale’s decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personality within himself that results in the deterioration of his mental well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality; he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdale’s protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdale’s congregation generally interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdale's tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, â€Å"I am the greatest sinner among you,† but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he won t be taken literally. He is essentially at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding quest for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with wholesome intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to nourish his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy; Dimme sdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant provoking from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdale’s life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdale’s actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his dependence of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, â€Å"Nevertheless, time went on; a kind of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these two cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human thought and study to meet upon; they discussed every topic of ethics and religion, of public affairs, and private character; they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..†(P#).Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a tw isted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture intensifies Dimmesdale’s suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became secluded from the other people in her society.They exemplify this with the quote, â€Å"Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. â€Å"(61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which secluded her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdale's cowardice in not confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment: she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. But Dimmesdale's internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worse than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a positive role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from â€Å"adulteress† to â€Å"able†. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the opportunity to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it privatel y. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and grow despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease painful feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdale's choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and grow as a person. Mr. Dimmesdale’s choice of anonymity in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death.

Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes

Chapter 1 – Quotes â€Å"A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories† pg.1 This is the opening line of the novel and it paints a picture of what the city is like. It is grey meaning there is no life and individuality, it is quite dull and that the building being â€Å"only† thirty-four stories high indicates that it is a smaller building compared to those that surround it and that this world is dissimilar to what we have at present. â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† pg.1 This is the motto of this brave new world. Community through one another working hand in hand and applying themselves fully at whatever job they have been assigned to undergo. Identity of each human being known as either an Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And finally, stability within the brave new world through each type of human knowing their role within the process and that there will be no unhappiness within the humans. â€Å"Cold for all the summers beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself† pg.1 Here we see the artificial nature of the brave new world. There is no heat emitted throughout highlighting the fact that the humans in the world are somewhat artificial too. The rooms are not heated through a natural process although it is all done through machinery and if not even summer would be a cold season. â€Å"Hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light frozen, dead, a ghost.† pg.1 This provides another insight into the world which has been created through the various processes and techniques that have been implemented in the brave new world. It shows that there is no uniqueness within the community and that everyone is if they are dead and that they is no actual life. â€Å"For particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils† pg.2 This shows that everybody within the brave new world has been made for a singular purpose and that they can only fulfill that purpose. Liking what you are doing provides virtue and happiness and so there are particulars although having generalities and room for potential and ability to rise above others is evil. This is the message that the director provides the students to show that this is the best way forward and that the way it was carried out ‘before-Ford' was a problem to all. â€Å"Year of stability A.F 632† pg.2 The director talking to the students, always refers to what they are doing as the â€Å"year of stability†, the year were the process of what they are doing to create a brave new world stabilizes and continues to bring well-being to those brought up with it. A.F stands for â€Å"After-Ford†, the creator of the Ford T-Model, and the dates are based on around him. â€Å"Alphas and Betas remained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out again† pg.3 This is the process that was applied to the various embryos to determine the intellectual capabilities of each individual. The more oxygen a type received the higher their intelligence would be so that is why the alphas and betas, the smarter humans, would remain with oxygen while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would only have a certain amount of time with oxygen as they were not required to do high intellectual jobs. â€Å"But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, and will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress† pg.3-4 Yet again the director tells the students of his beloved process which form adults which they see at present. In a normal process, eggs will bud and form one embryo to form a full-sized adult although in the brave new world, a Bokanovsky egg due to scientific enchantments, are able to produce over ninety adults. This shows that there has been significant advancements in the human race and that they believe that progress is the key. â€Å"‘Bokanovsky's Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!' Major instruments of social stability. Standard men and women; in uniform batches.† pg.5 Bokanovsky's process is the one that is ruling over the brave new world. It allows for certain type of people to be born with a certain limit to their intellectual capabilities and as a result it provides the social stability that was being looked for. It provides both men and women to do the same job with the same abilities to do so and so it provides stability. â€Å"Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes towards the distant ceiling† pg.8 This shows that even those who are on a tour of the process are conditioned in such as way that they to do things at the same pace and share the same amount of interest in the topic at hand. It also highlights the fact that there is not much room for uniqueness within the brave new world and that humans are at a point where they are nearly as unique as a chicken in a group of them. â€Å"So we allow as many as thirty per cent of the female embryos to develop normally. The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the rest of the course. Result: they're decanted as freemartins – structurally quite normal†¦but sterile.† Pg.10 Here we see the process that is carried out to make female adults although make sure that they do not have the capability or desires to reproduce as this would cause a disruption to the ‘stability' of brave new world. The process involves allowing the female to develop normally for thirty-percent although they are then given a dose of male sex-hormone so that they are freemartins and at the same time still structurally fine. â€Å"‘The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen'† pg.11 The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons are all differently intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos. The more oxygen that one receives the higher the intelligence, as Alphas do the most amount work needing intelligence they are given the most oxygen and so then are recognized as Alphas while the least amount of oxygen is given to those who do not need much intelligence to complete their task which Epsilons. â€Å"‘But in Epsilons, we don't need human intelligence† pg.11 Epsilons are the lowest caste within the brave new world society and they do not need a large amount of human intelligence to complete their role in the society. As they do not need this intelligence they are starved of oxygen so they do not move up within the castes and so stability is upheld. â€Å"‘And that,' put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you've got to so. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their unescapable social destiny† pg .12 The process that is involved in making a human is one of ease in the brave new world and for that to continue the people that are born must be conditioned into liking what they have to do. For example, if an Epsilon was conditioned into liking cleaning toilets they would be rewarded as a child to go near toilets although if they were not, they would not like this job and therefore there would be an uprising. Conditioning is all about making people like their unescapable social destiny. â€Å"They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with well-being; in fact they're only truly happy when they're standing on their heads† pg.13-14 This underlies the process of conditioning, undergoing processes so that the human is associated with the job or role they play, even if that means making them hate books and flowers. Here we see that the embryos are placed upside-down so that when they are born that is the state that they feel comfortable in and that they will be conditioned to do their job with better results. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 2 – Quotes â€Å"Books and loud noises, flowers and electric shocks†¦They'll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an â€Å"instinctive† hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.'† pg.17 This is another example of where conditioning changes the natural growth of a person. In this example we see that babies are conditioned to hate books and flowers through the use of playing loud noises whenever they played with books and giving them slight electric shocks whenever they played with flowers. This then meant that the babies when grow up and have a hatred for books and flowers and will want nothing to do with them which allows them to do certain jobs within the society. â€Å"It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes† pg.18 Abolishing the love of nature allows for certain types of people to do certain jobs within the brave new world society without the hatred of doing the job. This is especially forced upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they required the conditioning to do things of low intelligence and therefore there will be no uprising against what they are assigned to do. â€Å"‘We conditioned the masses to hate the country, but simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports† pg.18 Here is another example of where conditioning sets a particular liking and disliking for different things. In this example it is of hating he country so that people do not have the intention to travel there although they love the country sports so they can watch it on television resulting in their past times filled instead of wanting to do other activities. â€Å"(Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit)† pg. 20 The ‘T' symbol indicates the significance of Henry Ford's T-Model car and that not only does the director respect what he has contributed to make the brave new world possible but the students to understand that he is a god like figure and must be respected. â€Å"Elementary Class Consciousness†¦All wear green and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I don't want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. They're too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides, they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. I'm so glad I'm a Beta. Alpha children wear grey† pg. 22 This shows that each class of people, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons have different uniforms to wear so that they can be easily recognized by others. For example, Delta children wear khaki, Epsilons wear black, and Alphas wear grey. Even this child who is talking in this example says he is glad to be a Beta because he is conditioned in such a way that he does like being who he is and does not want it any other way. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 3 – Quotes â€Å"Mustapha Mond†¦Bernard Marx†¦Lenina Crowne† pg.28 These three people all hold significant background histories in different areas although the names are changed slightly within the novel. Mustapha Mond is the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, one of only ten World Controllers. He was once an ambitious, young scientist performing illicit research. When his work was discovered, he was given the choice of going into exile or training to become a World Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to fit in because of his inferior physical stature. He holds unorthodox beliefs about sexual relationships, sports, and community events. His insecurity about his size and status makes him discontented with the World State. Bernard's surname recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author best known for writing Capital, a monumental critique of capitalist society. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination worker at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. She is an object of desire for a number of major and mino r characters, including Bernard Marx and John. Her behavior is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her attractive to the reader. â€Å"Home, home – a few small rooms, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically teeming woman, by a rabble of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no space; an under sterilized prison; darkness, disease and smells† pg.31 This quote describes the living areas of the people within brave new world. They are not given much although they are conditioned to feel happy about what they have and they do not complain despite the fact that they are living with a large number of male and females as well as boys and girls in little space which teems full of diseases and unpleasant smells. â€Å"‘Dr. Wells advised me to have a Pregnancy Substitute.'† pg.32 This is Lenina Crowne talking, where she says that she is having a pregnancy substitute a process Since there is no live birth or pregnancy, only decanting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several months. The procedure is not described in detail. It is compulsory at age twenty-one, but some women have it as early as seventeen. â€Å"‘But everyone belongs to everyone else,† pg.34 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. â€Å"No wonder those poor pre-moderns were mad and wicked and miserable†¦they were not conditioned to obey†¦they were forced to feel strongly† pg.35 Here we see that there is a shift in time and that before Ford, people who were called ‘pre-moderns' were miserable and wicked because they were not conditioned and controlled by the community and could do whatever they liked and that cause a problem of society as well as feeling and supporting what they thought was correct. This to ‘moderns' sounds like a past that they do not want to go back to and therefore advocate the process and society they live in now. â€Å"No civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability† pg.36 Here we see the motto being used, especially that of stability within the brave new world. Stability is a key concept within the society and one that is believed to be needed for a civilization to proceed forward. This stability is only reached when individuals are stable and feel that and is why conditioning is such a major factor in this society. â€Å"Impulse arrested spills over, and the flood is feeling, the flood is passion, the flood is even madness† pg.37 Here we see that everyone in the society of brave new world is brainwashed and conditioned into thinking what the leaders believe to be correct, there is no uniqueness. The people believe that if they think and act for themselves there are consequences for doing so which is stated above, and the end result will be madness, something no one wants. â€Å"Shorten that interval, break down all those unnecessary barriers†¦'No pains have been spared to make your lives emotionally easy† pg.37 Here we see that the people of the brave new world are made to work only short spurts of time so that they do not have to face barriers which can hindered their performance. This therefore means that they are not faced with various emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assigned to be at the best of their ability. â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat'† pg.39 This is how the men speak of as the women. They are not as important as themselves but of must less significance despite the fact that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do see a good looking women they would often pay no respect for them as just as it states, talk of them like they are meat. â€Å"‘Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all'† pg. 40 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 4 – Quotes â€Å"Droning twilight of the well, the twilight of his habitual stupor. It was warm and bright on the roof. The summer afternoon was drowsy with the hum of passing helicopters; and the deeper drone of the rocket-planes hastening.† pg.51 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is mechanized and run my machinery. There is no need for humans to do certain jobs including reproduction as that has all been allocated to the machines to undergo that process. There is no natural buzz created by humans when working and there is no natural feeling although there is a dull hum of the machinery working consistently of where humans used to. â€Å"The malice and bad tempers from which other people had to take holidays never afflicted him† pg.52 In the brave new world there are a specified number of separate social castes and no more. Here we see that there is an odd example of Benito who always saw things sunny-side up. It was the nature within him to act of as if everyone deserved a second chance and that they are all good people at heart. He did not have a bad temper nor would be wish bad things upon other people. â€Å"To have dealings with members of the lower castes was always, for Bernard, a most distressing experience† pg.55†³ Here we see Bernard, of the higher class in the brave new world society, not wanting to deal with lower castes because he had been conditioned in such a way that people underneath with were not as good as him. They were below his dignity and he could not force himself to have any association with those people. It was just the way that the brave new world society operated. â€Å"The mockery made him feel like an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him† pg.55/56 Here we see how Bernard felt when talking to the various castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is treated as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to behave like an alien, alone and an outsider. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to increase their prejudice against him. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 5 – Quotes â€Å"Ant like pullulation of lower-caste activity† pg.63 This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in everyday life. The jobs they did were monotonous unlike Alphas whose jobs were varied and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were boring and did not need much intellect to complete them although they enjoyed what they did because of the conditioning process that is in place in the brave new world. â€Å"‘Phosphorus recovery†¦One their way up the chimney the gases go through four separate treatments. Now they recover over ninety eight percent of it. More than a kilo and a half per adult corpse.† pg.63 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is not wasted even including human bodies after they have died. They have constructed a process which they extract phosphorous out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how different the brave new world is from the everyday world. â€Å"‘Everyone works for everyone else. We can't do without anyone'† pg.64 In the brave new world it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any fighting which is somewhat accomplished with the conditioning program that is compulsory for everyone within the brave new world. Everyone had a certain role to play and they must do their duty if progress it to continue into the future. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 6 – Quotes â€Å"‘When the individual feels, the community reels'† pg.81 Here we see that Lenina talking about how the individual must realize that they are part of the community and that it is practically all for one and one for all. If the individual does not pull their weight and contribute evenly to the community then the community will pay the prices. It does not matter if everyone else in the community is performing at their peak, but for the community to actually perform at its optimum, everyone must work. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 7 – Quotes â€Å"The tall houses rose like stepped and amputated pyramids into the blue sky† pg.92 Here we see that nothing in the brave new world is natural and nobody is individual and unique. Everything is the same and similarity overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been made has been done so in mass numbers including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected. â€Å"Cleanliness is next is next to fordliness† pg.94 In the brave new world, God is not the main figure of power within the world nor is he even recognized as a ruling power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the overpowering leader of the brave new world and has say over all the rules in the society. Nothing is god like, but Ford like, he is the divine leader of this new world. â€Å"We keep their internal secretions artificially balanced at a youthful equilibrium. We don't permit their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall below what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of young blood. We keep their metabolism permanently stimulated† pg.95 Here we see another process which is taken to keep the brave new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of giving everyone transfusions of young blood which not only keeps them feeling young but keeping their metabolism permanently stimulated allows for everyone to prevent the aging process as well as not growing old. â€Å"The place was queer, so what the music, so were the clothes and the hoisters and the skin diseases and the old people† pg.97 Here we see where the brave new world society has not assigned their ways on. It was so different to what people of the brave new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brave new world including diseases and old people was present and this disgusted those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment. â€Å"But his plaited hair was straw coloured, his eyes a pale blue, and his skin a white skin, bronzed† pg.100 This individual was one who had a mix of cross blood and was not one of the natives. This could be identified quite easily through the way his hair was coloured and was worn as well as they colour of his eyes and the colour of his skin. All these branded him as someone who was not an ‘actual' resident and was different to the others. â€Å"They disliked me for my complexion† pg.100 Here we see a young man talking to Lenina and he starts to cry because those who surrounded him thought and treated him like an outsider despite the fact that her tried so very hard to fit if, even happily get whipped to be accepted. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to someone else all because of his skin colour. â€Å"Linda and he were strangers in the Reservation† pg.101 Linda and her son came from the Other Place and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the Reservation and that they were foreigners. Not only did they feel like they were not accepted they actually were not. â€Å"Front teeth were missing†¦so fat†¦flabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sagging cheeks wit those purplish blotches. And under the brown sack-shaped tunic those enormous breasts.† pg.102 In the brave new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be kept at the same age and has the same metabolism although in the normal world they is no conditioning or mass production of babies. This is why when they saw this lady who was not beautiful and had many problems Lenina shuddered because she had never seen someone so ugly. â€Å"But it's all different here; it's like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad† pg.104 Here we see that see does not like living in the normal world outside from the brave new world as there is no conditioning and that there is room for improvement and never being happy with what one has. We also see that she is described our everyday lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the brave new world. â€Å"So they're having children all the time – like dogs†¦And yet John was a great comfort to me†¦It wasn't my business to know† pg.105 He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they produce children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. Even though she does not like living in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of comfort and was different compared to that of the everyday world which is conditioned to perfection.